The opening of the mushroom season in Kostroma begins in the summer. Mushrooms in Kostroma grow profusely after strong doges and wet weather. Studying their features and geography of distribution will allow you to find a decent harvest of various species and stock up on preparations for the winter.
Popular mushrooms in Kostroma
Mushroom Sites Map
It will be possible to harvest the mushroom harvest after rainy weather in areas at a distance of 100-200 km from Kostroma:
- Antropovsky;
- Kadyisky;
- Makarievsky;
- the villages of Fatyanovo, Samylovo;
- Pavino is a place of harvest of saffron milk caps;
- Kologrivsky, Mezhevsky districts - many porcini mushrooms;
- village Potrusovo - a lot of mushrooms grow here.
Types of mushrooms
Mushrooms in Kostroma and the region have many types. After the rains in May-June, a large mushroom harvest is expected.
Here are common:
- bruise;
- white;
- milk mushrooms;
- russula rusculus;
- scutelline saucer;
- two-year dry dish;
- summer mushroom;
- boletus;
- gumaria is hemispherical;
- multi-colored trametes;
- birch tinder fungus.
Bruise
Bruise is a representative of tubular species, in another way it is called birch gyroporus, blue gyroporus, protected by law.
Leg Description:
- average thickness, diameter 3 cm;
- height 3-11 cm;
- thick at the base, tapering towards the cap;
- the pulp is solid, loose in young specimens, cavities appear in adults;
- white or gray-brown.
Description of the hat:
- hemispherical, convex, flat with time;
- diameter 4-16 cm;
- velvety;
- turns blue from pressing;
- the flesh is creamy, turns blue quickly.
Light yellow spore powder.
It is found in deciduous and mixed forests, prefers to grow near birches. It is an active mycorrhizal forming agent.
Despite the good taste, mushroom pickers are often discouraged by the color of the pulp.
White mushroom
The cap of the porcini mushroom can grow up to 31 cm
A white mushroom cap has the following characteristics:
- dark brown;
- rarely there is a violet sheen;
- diameter 6-31 cm.
The pulp is white, dense, juicy. The color on the cut does not change, there is a pleasant smell. The tubular hymenophore is finely porous; in young specimens it is usually white, in older specimens it is gray or yellowish-green.
Lactose
Representatives of this species are found near birches.
The hat looks like this:
- funnel shape;
- yellow.
The leg of the mushrooms is in the shape of a cylinder, light in color.
On the break, acrid white milky juice is released, which turns yellow in air. The pulp has a pleasant smell and pungent taste. The mushroom is considered a delicacy in Russian cuisine.
Brown russula
It grows in the Kostroma region from July to October.
Description of the hat:
- diameter 3-11 cm;
- convex at an early age, flat with a depression in the adult;
- matte skin;
- reddish-purple, sometimes speckled;
- the plates are creamy or ocher.
The leg has the following features:
- rounded in cross section;
- height 6-9 cm;
- thickness up to 4 cm;
- white-pink, white-carmine;
- turns brown when damaged.
The pulp is dense, white in color, which changes color on the cut - turns brown or yellow. The smell is weak, but when dry it intensifies and resembles the smell of seafood - in particular shrimp.
Scutellin saucer
It can be harvested from May to October, grows on rotting wood, on the soil - at the base of stumps, loves wet, wetlands. The body is smaller than a coin, saucer-shaped, and has a bright red hue. The pulp is brittle and waxy.
Scutellinia saucer refers to ascomycetes, or marsupial mushrooms. This means that spores develop in her in special formations - bags, or asks.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The shape of the fruiting body of the fungus changes depending on age: at first it is spherical, and only later it becomes disc-shaped or flat-saucer-shaped. Inside, the mushroom is bright red or cherry red, but outside it is yellow-brown. Along the edges of the fruiting body, there are black or dark brown bristles, which form a kind of "fringe". The pulp has a reddish color, but there is no special smell inherent in the type.
Due to its small size, the mushroom has no culinary value and is considered inedible.
Sukhlyanka two-year
A synonym for the name is the name dark dry.
Cap characteristics:
- diameter 2-10 cm;
- round, funnel-shaped in young specimens, flattened in adults;
- thin fleshy;
- matt at first, later naked, yellow ocher;
- the caps grow together or grass blades grow between them.
The leg looks like this:
- height 1-4 cm;
- diameter 0.6 cm;
- central, narrowed;
- brown, matte, velvety.
The pulp is rusty and fine in structure. No taste or smell. Mushrooms are common from July to late autumn.
Summer honey mushroom
Honey mushrooms grow in groups
When several honey agarics appear, it is recommended to continue the search, they are distributed in the forests in groups. They are used for:
- frying;
- pickles.
The hat has the following features:
- wide dark on a thin, often straight leg;
- fragrant aroma with honey notes;
- diameter 10 cm;
- honey or brown color.
The pulp is sandy, brownish-brown, the leg is thin up to 1.1 cm in diameter, it grows up to 11 cm.
Boletus
Aspen boletus is characterized by an orange cap, grows near aspens in the forest, forms mycorrhiza with them.
The hat has the following characteristics:
- diameter 6-21 cm;
- the form at a young age is hemispherical, later - pillow-shaped;
- the skin is dry, velvety.
The leg reaches 23 cm, there are brown scales on the surface. The pulp turns blue on the cut.
Gumaria hemispherical
The fruiting body has the shape of a hollow ball, bursting from above. At a young age, the mushroom material resembles a cup, later it becomes cupped, saucer-shaped. In width it grows up to 3.5 cm. The inner side of the fruiting body is light matte, the outer side is brown. The species has no legs, no smell. The pulp is light, brown, dense.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Gumaria hemispherical - terrestrial discomycete, i.e. a fungus that is part of the non-taxonomic group of ascomycetes. It is characterized by a whitish or grayish inner surface, which can occasionally have a pale blue color. The "bottom" of the inner part of the apothecia can be wrinkled and resemble semolina in consistency. This inner part is a spore-bearing surface (hymenophore). The outer part is sterile, brown and covered with tough brown hairs that protrude 1 mm above the edge of the fungus. The pulp is thin, waxy, tasteless and odorless. The mushroom is considered inedible due to its size. No information on toxicity is available.
Gumaria hemispherical is widespread in humid places, grows in summer and autumn and not annually.
Trametes multicolored
The second name is tinder fungus. The fruit body is perennial. Reaches 2-6 cm in length, in width grows up to 4-10 cm. Trametes multicolored has a fan-shaped or round shape. The representatives of the species are characterized by the absence of a leg in the structure of the fruiting body. Therefore, such mushrooms are called sessile, they grow on one side of the wood. Several fruiting bodies are able to grow together into a single complex. The mushroom is soft and silky to the touch. Tramates happens:
- Gray;
- yellow;
- blue;
- brown.
After drying, the fruiting body of the fungus turns white. The pulp smells nice. The hymenophore is tubular, yellowish in young specimens, brownish in older specimens. In the Kostroma region, these mushrooms are rarely found; they appear on rotten stumps and wood.
Birch polypore
Or as it is popularly called - a birch sponge. Causes rapidly progressive reddish rot. The fruiting body is sessile. One or more organisms can develop on one tree. Fruiting bodies are annual.
A parasitic tree fungus found on birches, more often on dead trees. It looks like an influx, hemisphere, its diameter is up to 21 cm, in height - 7. Color - light or dark gray.
Fruiting bodies spread from July until frost.
The fruit bodies of this type of fungus are used to obtain drawing charcoal. Polyporenic acid extracted from it is used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Mushroom places. Through the forest expanses of the Kostroma region!
In the forests of the Kostroma region "mushrooms"
White mushrooms. Kostroma hinterland. September 2018. Part III
Conclusion
The map of mushroom places in Kostroma is varied, many different species grow at great distances from Kostroma. Having studied the characteristics of mushrooms and their distribution in the region, it will be possible to make decent reserves for the winter.