Silent hunting is popular in all regions of Russia. Mushrooms of the Kuban are harvested in 2019 in summer, autumn and ... winter. The region is rich in plains, forests and mountains, so mushroom hunting is an extremely productive activity.
Types of mushrooms of the Kuban in 2019
Features of the region
The Kuban region includes the following subjects of the Russian Federation:
- Krasnodar region;
- Republic of Adygea;
- Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia;
- Stavropol region;
- southern regions of the Rostov region.
The region has a mild climate, in the south near the Black Sea it is subtropical. There are deciduous and coniferous plantations. Many field mushrooms are found here in ravines near rivers and lakes.
Edible species
The season starts in early spring and lasts until December. Spring brings honey agarics, they freeze under freezing temperatures, but survive the winter and retain all their taste.
May begins an active "hunt" for such mushrooms as porcini, morels, champignons. Summer is the time for the growth of fruit bodies. There are not many of them in the forests, but young individuals are great for pickling and pickling. These are oyster mushrooms, green flyworms, hornbeams, blackberries.
The latter are classified as conditionally edible species. Summer mushroom pickers consider a good season. The autumn period is already rich in all types of edible mushrooms:
- Chanterelles;
- Boletus;
- Aspen boletus;
- Ryzhikov;
- Russula;
- With mushrooms;
- Rows;
- Honey mushrooms.
In autumn, mushrooms are fleshy, fresh, not subject to spoilage by worms and insects. Honey mushrooms continue to grow until the very frost. Back in December, mushrooms are collected in coastal areas. Winter mushrooms do not have poisonous counterparts, and therefore attract the attention of mushroom pickers. Winter with snow is not the season for mushrooms.
Milk mushrooms, rows must be soaked for several days in order not to get an eating disorder, which can cause the presence of milky juice in the pulp. Truffles are rare in the Krasnodar Territory.
Places of mushroom growth in forests:
- Pine: morels, truffles (rarely), russula, mushrooms, mushrooms, autumn mushrooms.
- Deciduous: boletus, oyster mushroom, russula, chanterelle, oak trees, milk mushrooms.
- Mixed: the above listed species forming mycorrhiza with different trees, as well as: valui, tinder fungus, chestnut mushroom.
Chanterelles are considered unpretentious species. They grow in all types of plantings. They are also found in groves, young plantings. In deciduous plantings, morels are found - a delicious look. He is recognized by his unusual cone-shaped hat with folds (cells) and convolutions. On a cut inside the fruiting body, a cavity is clearly visible.
Experts do not recommend picking mushrooms in big cities and near busy highways.
Poisonous mushrooms of the Kuban
Poisonous mushrooms can kill
The most dangerous mushrooms are:
- types of Amanita (red, white, pearl);
- pale toadstool.
Eating the pulp of such "forest fruits" causes severe poisoning. Poisonous twins of conditionally edible species:
- The row is white.
- Valuy false.
- Lines.
- False mushrooms.
- False chanterelles.
- Burning, pungent and pungent russula.
- Satanic mushroom, or satanic boletus.
- Entoloma.
Entoloma white looks like a hangover, a May talker. When broken, the pulp does not change color, it tastes bitter. The satanic mushroom is similar to boletus, but differs in the color of the leg, which is light in its upper part, bright in the middle and darkening at the base. False honey agarics lack a filmy ring on the leg, which is formed during the growth of edible fruit bodies. Therefore, all mushrooms should be cut with a stem, under the base, in order to recognize the poisonous species at the stage of the bulkhead.
For a long time there has been a debate about the edibility of lines and pigs. The latter were recognized as inedible and are not recommended to be collected. But the collection of lines continues, considering the less valuable (but edible) double of the morel. On the cap, the lines have no cells, and the convolutions resemble the surface of the brain or the kernel of a walnut. The fruiting body (apothecia) has no cavity.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Common stitch is the most common type of the genus Strochok, or Giromitra. It appears abundantly in spring, mainly in pine forests, sometimes it occurs until autumn. It can be found along roads, in clearings. This species is considered conditionally edible, therefore, it is recommended to boil it before eating. For a long time, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences S.G. Musselius. He believes that most of the cases associated with line poisoning occur when they are either not boiled beforehand, or are boiled for only 5-10 minutes. Poisoning is caused by gyromitrin contained in the pulp of mushrooms, both in a free state and in the form of various compounds. Its content in fresh lines depends on:
- season of the year;
- soil composition;
- weather conditions;
- the degree of maturity of the fungus.
Therefore, the concentration can range from 50 to 300 mg / kg, but in some cases it reaches 1200-1600 mg / kg.
For an adult, the lethal concentration of this compound is 20-50 mg / kg, and for children, 10-30 mg / kg. In terms of fresh mushrooms eaten, this will be 0.4-1 kg for an adult. The amount of highly toxic compounds in the gastrointestinal tract and human liver reaches its maximum 2-2.5 hours after eating the lines.
For mushroom pickers, a list of mushroom places is created and regularly updated, which are rich in "gifts of the forest" in the season and off-season.
Mushroom map of Kuban
The peak season depends on the summer: if it was hot at first, and then rainy, there will be a lot of mushrooms in the forests. Autumn brings rains, after which many flee to the forests. But mushroom pickers are in no hurry to collect: the poisonous twins will be the first to emerge "into the light".
Mushrooms are often harvested in the Krasnodar Territory. There are many foothill forests, ravines and fertile meadows. Most often they go to such places:
- Absheron and Tuapse Districts: chanterelles are collected here. Oyster mushrooms and some russules grow here.
- villages Kaluzhskaya and Smolenskaya: not far from them, White and Butterlets are often found.
- Goryachy Klyuch, Arkhyz area (between Lake Kardyvach and Krasnaya Polyana): honey mushrooms bear fruit well in this area. They are collected at any time of the year (except for the snowy months of winter).
- the villages of Dakhovskaya and Smolenskaya, the villages of Shabanovka and Fanagoria: milk mushrooms grow abundantly.
- Goryacheklyuchevskaya and Apsheron districts: here, as well as near the coasts of Gelendzhik, Sochi, Tuapse, they are looking for boletus and aspen in the mountain forests.
- the mouth of the Ubinka river: The oak forests growing here are rich in oak woods.
The Crimean and Northern regions are also considered favorable. They "hunt" in the vicinity of the city of Barabinsk. Get to their destinations using railway, minibuses. It is better to travel to remote areas by car.
KUBAN MUSHROOMS | MUSHROOMS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
PICKING AND COOKING MUSHROOMS | MUSHROOMS KUBANI
Silent hunt for people: what mushrooms cannot be picked in the Kuban
Conclusion
In the Kuban, the Krasnodar Territory is considered the most "prolific" in terms of mushrooms, especially in autumn. They are looking for mushrooms in forests, plantings, coastal zones of cities and towns of the region. Sometimes they find gourmet morels and truffles. Beware of poisonous twins - entoloma, false russula and poisonous ryadovki.