Ecotourism, developed on the territory of Karelia, presupposes acquaintance with the natural treasures of the region, among which there are gifts of forests. Mushrooms of Karelia in 2019 are one of the most delicious and valuable fruits that are harvested up to severe frosts. You need to know the name and description so as not to stumble upon a deadly poisonous mushroom.
Types of mushrooms in Karelia in 2019
Features of the region
The region is located in the northern part of our vast country. It so happened that this region is characterized on the one hand, not frosty wet winters, but on the other - moderately warm summers. Due to the proximity to the sea, the humidity is high. These factors together are extremely favorable for fruit growth. Also important:
- Water resources system: on the territory of Karelia there are about 27,000 rivers and 60,000 lakes, near which there is a high probability of finding prey in the basket.
- Abundance of natural forest plantations: they occupy 85% of the territory. Coniferous forests predominate: pines, spruces, cedars.
Along the way, when picking mushrooms, a berry comes across. Karelian lingonberries, blueberries, blackberries, cloudberries, blueberries, and cranberries are known. There are also hazel, hazelnut and wild raspberry. The abundant moisture and vegetation make the region favorable for the growth of edible and poisonous mushrooms.
Description of edible mushrooms
Today, 270 species have been recorded in the region, of which 23 are on the verge of extinction. Many edible species are classified as conditionally edible, or category 3, for edibility. They require special long-term processing, in case of its absence, their use in food threatens with eating disorders.
Most collected species:
- White mushroom;
- boletus ordinary and turning pink;
- boletus;
- lump;
- chanterelle;
- oiler;
- flywheel;
- mushroom;
- morel conical.
White mushroom is common in deciduous and mixed forests. The cap reaches up to 20 cm in diameter, and the leg is up to 12 cm high. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, expanding downward. The hat is open, the edges are slightly bent down. The color differs from the species: brown, brown-cherry, brown. The leg and pulp are always white inside. There are about 18 subspecies in Russia. White spruce and pine are widespread in Karelia, there is also a white birch mushroom.
The boletus has a white-gray to brown hat. On the peduncle, characteristic dark scales are arranged in the form of vertical longitudinal lines. In representatives of the species Pink boletus, the color of the pulp changes from white to pink during the break. Marsh boletus lives in humid places. It is completely white with a grayish tint. The leg is rough, with light furrows.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Marsh boletus forms mycorrhiza with birches. It is found in birch and mixed forests, where they have damp mossy places. On the scale of edibility, it belongs to category 3 due to the too loose and boiling pulp. Therefore, it is not pickled, but used immediately. It is recommended to collect only young specimens.
The Karelian Republic makes it possible for mushroom pickers to collect different types of boletus. He has a pillow-like soft cap, a long leg. The color of the cap depends on the species: from brown to yellowish. Sometimes it reaches 30 cm in diameter, but the taste is better in young individuals. The leg is white, covered with dark gray scales.
Milk is a conditionally edible mushroom, but very popular in northern latitudes. Juveniles are suitable for drying or pickling. There are several species that differ in the characteristics of their "appearance". White milk mushrooms are distinguished by a notch in the center of the cap, frequent blades and white pulp. When broken, the white pulp secretes a white milky bitter juice, which, upon contact with air, becomes yellow-green.
The oils have a slimy, shiny coating on the cap. She has the shape of an inverted deep saucer, brown or brown. A film ring is preserved on the stem, which distinguishes a true mushroom from poisonous twins. They grow in groups under spruce trees. When collecting them, be prepared to come home to wash your hands for a long time. Therefore, take gloves with you to the forest.
Karelian forests are rich in mushrooms
The chanterelle is known to many for the characteristic color of the fruit body and the characteristics of the pulp, which is practically inaccessible to insect larvae. Distributed in all regions, not whimsical to conditions. In older individuals, the flesh is elastic and harsh.
Mosswheels are not considered particularly tasty here, but they are harvested for pickling and pickling. This is a small species with a cap up to 8 cm. The cap is flat, the edges are omitted. Its color is gray-brown or gray-yellow. The stem is long, pale yellow or orange. Appears in the middle of summer.
Honey mushrooms grow on tree stumps and bark. They grow in a colony (5 or more individuals). These are fruits with a small cone-shaped cap and a long stem. An adult has a film ring on the leg. Fruiting from early spring (early Openok) to late autumn. Fruit bodies freeze, but do not lose their taste.
The conical morel is considered a delicacy. Its appearance is unusual:
- Conical cap of great height, with characteristic convolutions and notches. It looks like a porous fruit.
- The stem is cylindrical, more than half covered with a cap.
- On the cut, the pulp is porous.
Morel bears fruit from May to July. It is not easy to find it and it is easy to confuse it with a line - it looks like a delicious look, but less tasty.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In order to never confuse morels with lines, you need to remember several features of the lines:
- At the line, the cap does not form cells. In appearance, it vaguely resembles the brain or the surface of a peeled walnut, i.e. has the same convolutions and waves.
- The stitching of the cap is not symmetrical and does not fuse with the leg.
- The leg of the line is somewhat shorter (3-5 cm) and its thickness is approximately the same for different species (about 5 cm). It often has a swelling at the base, uneven. Sometimes the leg is completely absent.
- The body has a line inside the septum and convolutions (it is not hollow).
Morel grows in Karelia in pine and spruce forests.
List of poisonous mushrooms
Representatives of poisonous species can be dangerous to human health. Some of them lead to eating disorders, while others - to severe poisoning.
Also in Karelia there are easily recognizable inedible and poisonous species:
- Amanita.
- Death cap.
- The flower is pink.
- Bloody Tooth, or Hydnellum Peka.
- False mushrooms.
- The webcap is very special.
Since 2007, an amazing species has been found in the forests of Karelia, called the Bloody Tooth. He came here from the south of Finland. For a very long time, it was considered poisonous due to its extremely bitter taste, which persists even after the fruit body has completely dried. He has a flat, uneven white hat with red convex drops that resemble drops of blood. They serve as bait for insects, which the fungus uses for food, to replenish the lack of nitrogen in the soil. They find it in forests and reserves near Kostomuksha, but it can grow in other northern regions. Due to the warm climate, finds of the Bloody Tooth are expected in the southern regions of Karelia. Its fruiting bodies are used to produce natural dyes. However, hydnellum Peka can accumulate cesium-137 (radiocaesium) in its fruit bodies, which is a very dangerous phenomenon, because this element is radioactive.
Mushroom Sites Map
A list of the most mushroom picking places in the Karelian region:
- the village of Tiksha;
- Borovoe;
- suburb of Petrozavodsk;
- the village of Ledmozero;
- Kem;
- village of Pryazha.
Porcini mushrooms are collected in Tiksha. It is enough to go into the forest for 5-10 km and you can pick up a basket of whites or butter. For milk mushrooms of different types they go to Yarna. There are also many oils.
MUSHROOMS KARELIA 2018 MUSHROOMS BOMB!
Karelia 2018. Boletus! Film 1. SHOCK, BEAUTY, FOREST TALE !!!
GOING TO KARELIA FOR MUSHROOMS! Boletus October 2018.
In Borovoe they are looking for valuable morels and common boletus. The surroundings of Petrozavodsk are rich in mushrooms and chanterelles. Volnushki and redheads grow in the vicinity of Ledmozero. In Kem, in pine and spruce plantations, boletus is collected, and in deciduous plantations - boletus.
Conclusion
Many species of mushrooms grow in the region due to the special climatic conditions. Collected both valuable and conditionally edible. The village of Tiksha, the vicinity of Petrozavodsk, and the town of Kem are popular for collection. Each mushroom picker in Karelia will find a fungus to his taste, and in 2019 the season will start from mid-August and will last until the end of September.