Pea fertilizing solves many problems: the soil is saturated with important nutrients, the culture grows and develops better, brings a good crop in quality and quantity. Different fertilizers are used for peas; they can be applied in several ways.
General rules for fertilizing peas
When feeding peas, you need to follow certain rules:
- Before applying fertilizers in the form of solutions, pour peas abundantly with clean water. This helps to avoid burns to the root system.
- Foliar dressing is best done in the evening when the sun is inactive. On cool days, you can spray the crop early in the morning.
- When sowing, make fertilizers in a water-soluble form.
- You cannot fertilize the crop for the first 2 weeks after planting in the ground. This time is necessary for the peas to begin to grow and become accustomed to new conditions.
- The frequency of fertilizing should be oriented to the growth phase of the plant. The more active it is, the more nutrition culture needs.
- Strictly observe the recommended dosage. Excess fertilizers can adversely affect the condition of plants, their chemical composition. Too concentrated formulations cause burns to the roots and aerial parts.
- Do not overuse nitrogen fertilizers. This has a bad effect on the shelf life, leads to the accumulation of nitrates in the fruit.
- Remember about personal protection - work with fertilizers in gloves and covered clothing, wash your hands thoroughly after processing.
When self-compiling mixtures for fertilizing peas, it is important to remember the compatibility of various substances. Some of them can neutralize or enhance the effect of other elements.
Fertilizing the soil before planting
A plot for peas needs to be prepared in the fall. Fertilizing at this stage positively affects the cultivation of crops in the next year, reduces the need for additional fertilizing.
When digging beds in autumn, it is effective to use organic matter, with the exception of fresh manure. It is recommended to apply 6 kg of fertilizer per 1 sq. Km. m. One of the options for autumn organic feeding is rotted grass. It is necessary to decompose it in the selected area, distributing 1 bucket per 2 square meters. m
The application of potassium phosphorus fertilizers is also effective. For 1 sq. m requires 30 g of potassium salt and twice as much superphosphate.
The application of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers for peas in the fall can increase the yield by 30-50% compared to similar dressings in the spring.
Peas prefer neutral or slightly acidic soils. If the acidity is high, slaked lime should be added - 0.3 kg per 1 sq. It is effective to use dolomite flour instead, then 0.4 kg of fertilizer is needed for a similar area.
When growing peas on black soil, sod-podzolic or acidic soil, the introduction of phosphorus flour is also effective. m, 30 g of the product is enough for autumn processing.
Nitrogen application is recommended in spring, especially when the season is too cold. If potassium-phosphorus fertilizers were not applied in the fall, complex feeding can be carried out. m add potassium salt, superphosphate and saltpeter on a tea boat. After making such fertilizers, the beds should be dug up.
Fertilizing culture at different stages of its growth
During the cultivation of peas, it is recommended to fertilize twice, not counting the autumn and spring preparation of the site for planting. The first feeding is carried out at the very beginning of flowering, the second - at the beginning of fruiting.
For top dressing, it is recommended to use organic in liquid form, dissolving 1 tbsp. l fertilizer in a bucket of water. This amount is enough to handle 3 square meters. m plot. Fertilizers are applied by root method. Simultaneously with such feeding, it is effective to use natural stimulants. They are introduced in a foliar way, that is, in the form of sprayings.
If the site for peas is well fertilized with organics, it is recommended that during the growing period of the crop be limited to mineral compositions. They are also brought in twice. The first time that the height of the sprouts is 6-8 cm: per 1 square. m need 25 g of fertilizer, you can make them in a dry form, abundantly watering after. The second feeding is carried out with the same substances, but in the form of a solution - 1 tbsp is enough for a bucket of water. composition. The resulting product shed aisles.
Additional fertilizing may be required, especially on highly depleted soils.
Types of fertilizers, methods of their application
Depending on the chemical composition and origin, mineral, organic and bacterial dressings, micronutrients are distinguished.
Organic fertilizers
Such agents may be of plant or animal origin. It is recommended to apply organic matter during the autumn digging of the site, and when growing crops, use it only once a season, if necessary.
According to some experts, organic fertilizers are not required at all when growing peas. It is enough to introduce them under the previous culture.
Mineral fertilizers
This group includes various inorganic compounds. For peas, phosphorus-potash fertilizers are especially important.
Phosphorus
The culture needs phosphorus until it is fully ripe. This macronutrient is needed to stimulate the growth of the root system, the formation of reproductive organs, and the timely ripening of fruits.
One of the popular nitrogen fertilizers is urea. When growing peas, it is recommended to use it at the initial stage, especially when the sprouts are too weak. Urea is added when the plant height reaches 8-10 cm. 1 g of fertilizer is enough for a bucket of water.
1.5-2 weeks after the appearance of the first seedlings, it is recommended to add double superphosphate in granules. m you need 2-3 g of substance.
During the flowering of peas, phosphorus and nitrogen are effectively combined.
Potassium
An important role for culture is played by potassium. With its sufficient supply, material metabolism improves, the plant's resistance to droughts and diseases increases. Potassium deficiency is fraught with the death of tissue on the leaves. With an overabundance of this element, the beans form and ripen quickly, but this has negative consequences: the plants do not reach the desired height, and the fruits remain small.
Potash application rates depend on the type of soil. If it is dark gray, then 1 sq. m need 6 g of substance.
Potassium nitrate can be an alternative to double superphosphate. For 1 sq. m need 10-15 g of a substance dissolved in a bucket of water.
Microfertilizers
Mineral fertilizers alone are not always enough for efficient cultivation of peas. Its yield also depends on the supply of some micronutrient fertilizers in the required amount. The following elements are especially important:
- boron;
- cobalt;
- manganese;
- copper;
- molybdenum;
- zinc.
Micronutrient fertilizers are often used in the form of complex formulations:
- Mikromak Pea... Effectively use fertilizer to treat seeds after dressing. As a result, germination increases, the root system develops better, crop growth is activated, it becomes more resistant to adverse factors, including drought.
- Microel... Fertilizer in liquid form is used for foliar dressing when 3-4 true leaves appear. Thanks to its introduction, photosynthesis is enhanced, the resistance of the culture to diseases, droughts and other unfavorable factors increases. The second top dressing can be carried out in the budding phase, combining with fungicidal or insecticidal treatment. In addition to enhancing photosynthesis with fertilizer at this stage, the protein content increases.
Complex microfertilizers are highly concentrated, so it is important to strictly observe the dosages recommended by the manufacturer.
For peas, not only complex compositions are used, but also monofertilizers. Their necessity can be judged by the appearance of the culture:
- Copper deficiency growth slows down, turgor decreases, the plant withers, flowering is delayed, the tips of the leaves turn white. You can fill the lack of an element with copper sulfate or copper sulfate. Fertilizer is especially effective when the soil is sandy or peat boggy.
- Zinc deficiency it is expressed in a delay in growth and development, veins appear between the veins on old leaves. To replenish the element, zinc sulfate is used.
- Boron deficiency expressed by poor flowering, poor bud formation and the formation of shoulder blades. You can use the fertilizer Mag-Bor. It is suitable for both root and foliar top dressing.
Bacterial fertilizer
Such formulations are based on microorganisms. They do not contain useful elements, but improve the nutrition of the culture. For peas, you can use the following formulations:
- Flavobacterin;
- Agrophil;
- Rhizoagrin;
- Mizorin.
Bacterial fertilizers stimulate root growth, promote biochemical processes. As a result, the growth and development of culture is activated, and resistance to diseases and other unfavorable factors increases.
Fertilization methods
Fertilizers are applied by root or foliar method. In the first case, the necessary elements are scattered on the ground and watered abundantly or a solution for irrigation is prepared, in the second case, they resort to spraying. For foliar top dressing, weak solutions are needed.
Root dressing is recommended to be made 1.5-2 weeks after the appearance of the first seedlings. Foliar dressing can be done up to 4 times during the growing season, maintaining an interval of 2-3 weeks between them.
There are many fertilizers for peas, each of which solves a specific problem. The most effective way to properly prepare the site for planting is to significantly increase productivity. Regardless of the fertilizers used and the method of their application, it is important to remember about moderation - an excess of nutrients is dangerous, as is their deficiency.