An oak tree is a mushroom that speaks for itself that it grows under an oak tree in deciduous forests. It is very similar to boletus, but also has some differences. The mushroom family includes not only edible species of oak trees, but also the well-known satanic mushroom, which poses a serious danger to the human body.
Other mushroom names
The mushroom leg is covered with a certain dark net, by which one can distinguish an ordinary oak tree. The oak mushroom is brown in color with different shades, so it is also called:
- olive brown oak;
- a duvet;
- duvet;
- dirty brown foul.
Description and features of the oak. What does a mushroom look like?
The mushroom itself is tasty, has a pleasant aroma, but it is important not to confuse it with other, less tasty and less useful mushrooms. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with its appearance.
Hat has a large diameter, which can reach 20 centimeters. The hat is massive, fleshy, hemispherical. It is practically not attached to the leg, we can say that it is worn on it. Over time, it opens and becomes like a pillow. The top is velvety, with different colors: yellow-brown, gray-brown, dark orange. The hat is painted unevenly. The flesh is yellow, and at the fracture site it acquires a blue-green color.
Leg rather thick, massive, club-shaped, whose height is up to 12 centimeters. Under the hat, the leg has a yellow color, and the lower it is, the color darkens and at the very root it is dark orange. A distinctive feature of the fungus is the mesh that covers the leg, the flesh is red.
Pulp yellow, with strong pressure or when interacting with air in a cut form, it turns blue. The taste and aroma are pleasant, but not pronounced.
If you use the oak mushroom in conjunction with alcoholic beverages, severe poisoning is possible.
When and where can I meet the mushroom?
The mushroom grows on limestone soil, where the sun warms the earth well, they can often be found near:
- Birch trees
- oak;
- fir.
The harvesting season starts from May to June, then they disappear and crawl out of the ground again in August and September.
Varieties
An ordinary oak tree also has varieties that are identical in composition to the original, but have a different look and size.
Speckled oak
Speckled oak is an edible mushroom with a pleasant taste and aroma.
Hat velvety, can be brown, dark blue, chestnut or brown, which darkens with the slightest pressure on the pulp. The shape is pillow-shaped or hemispherical.
Leg reaches 16 centimeters in height and has a red-yellow hue covered with dots or a kind of grid.
Pulp bright yellow or orange in color, at the place of a break or cut, it eventually acquires a bluish tint. There is no strong taste and aroma.
Doubles. Satanic mushroom (poisonous), the flesh turns red at the site of the break and only after that acquires a bluish tint. Yellow boletus is different in that the mushroom has a completely yellow leg and can only be found in Western Europe. Dubele Kele is a very rare species of mushroom, growing only on calcareous soil.
When and where can I meet? The mushroom grows from May to October:
- in Siberia;
- in the Caucasus;
- Far East;
- European part of Russia.
Sometimes found in Leningrad. In coniferous and deciduous forests, on marshy and acidic soils near spruce, fir and oak.
Olive brown
Edible mushroom, belonging to the genus Borovik, taste and aroma are not pronounced.
Hat convex, with a diameter of 20 centimeters, is rarely flat. The color is brown with an olive tint, sometimes there is a yellow-brown tint. The edges of the hat are reddish, the bottom of its tubular burgundy color.
Leg 12 centimeters high, the color is the same as the hat.
Pulp fleshy, green at the fracture site. It has a pleasant, not pronounced taste and aroma.
When and where can I meet? Most often, an olive-brown duvet is found in deciduous and mixed forests in the lowlands. It mainly grows next to or under the oak, from where the name came from. It grows from July to September.
What can I confuse with an ordinary oak tree?
The common oak mushroom is a bit similar to other mushrooms, both poisonous and edible. Before you put the mushroom in a basket, you need to inspect it and make sure that this mushroom will not harm health.
You can confuse the oak with the following mushrooms:
- speckled oak tree (edible mushroom);
- pink-golden oak (edible after heat treatment, and poisonous in its raw form);
- Satanic mushroom (poisonous even after heat treatment).
This type of mushroom is not common, but if a person does not understand mushrooms, it’s better not to collect oak trees. Of course, there will be no fatal outcome, but serious poisoning can be earned.
Processing and application
In order to be able to eat oak mushroom, it should be soaked for half a day, during which time every 1-2 hours it is necessary to change the water to clean. Then they are boiled and only after that it can be cooked according to your favorite recipe. Although there are few toxins in this fungus, they are still destroyed during cooking. If you do not treat the mushrooms properly, this can lead to problems of the gastrointestinal tract.
Duboviki can be pickled, and if you also throw a little citric acid in the jar, the mushroom will retain its color even after prolonged storage.
Also, the oak can be boiled first, then fry, seasoning with your favorite sauce. In addition, on the basis of mushrooms make soups, sauces, dressings in addition to the side dish. Even with heat treatment, the oak tree does not lose its values, smells good and has good taste.
Value in medicine
In folk medicine, oak trees became famous as a medicine against malignant tumors. Since ancient times, lotions and balms have been made from these mushrooms, upon application of which fatigue decreases, the depression state disappears, nerves calm down and fatigue disappears.
The benefits and useful values of the oak
All edible mushrooms contain many useful acids, vitamins and trace elements. Common oak mushroom does not lag behind the rest and also has many useful substances. The main components are zinc, magnesium and iron, which have reducing properties and other beneficial substances.
Zinc - useful for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. This microelement is able to accumulate in the pancreas, takes part in the digestion, and helps to properly absorb nutrients.
Copper - restores cells, improves metabolism, forms hormones and improves blood circulation.
Iron - normalizes the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. The systematic use of the oak tree, even in minimal amounts, makes up for the body's need for important components.
Amino acids - able to improve mental and visual memory, add energy, vitality and strength, increase mental activity, and also prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
Beta glucans - contained in common oak trees in large quantities positively affect the human immune system.
Contraindications and harm
In general, oak trees can not harm the body, it is important to assemble them correctly, without confusing them with the poisonous satanic mushroom, because in appearance they are similar. The main difference is an unpleasant pungent smell and the poisonous mushroom has a greenish-colored hat.
Mushrooms are a specific food that contains a large amount of chitin. They undoubtedly benefit the body, but it is important to understand that in children under 12 years of age enzymes have not yet been formed that will allow good absorption of this product. Therefore, in childhood, you do not need to give dishes with the presence of mushrooms, in order to avoid unpleasant consequences. Also, you can not eat mushrooms for people who have an allergic reaction.
Mushroom cultivation
Many mushroom lovers or just summer residents want to have edible and tasty mushrooms in their garden, but few people know where to start and how this process generally happens.
There are two ways to grow a cudgel:
- extensive;
- intensive.
Extensive
Thanks to the first method of growing mushrooms, in which all conditions are as close as possible to natural, more likely to get a big crop. For this method, you don’t need special equipment or any skills. The only bad thing is that it all depends on weather conditions and climate, if the weather is bad, then the mushrooms will bear fruit worse and slower.
To grow oak mushrooms, it is necessary near the deciduous trees, best near the oak. The plantation where the oak trees will grow must be protected from the sun, that is, direct rays should not fall. Around the tree, 20 centimeters in soil is removed about one square meter thick. This place should be well watered, then sprinkled with soil prepared as follows:
- mix peat;
- leaves from a tree;
- sawdust;
- horse dung.
Mix everything with soil and lay around the trunk. On top of this, sprinkle the mycelium with dry soil and fill it with native soil, removed earlier and “drip” water. In the hot summer months, the soil should be periodically watered, and in winter insulated with moss, leaves that have fallen from the tree and straw. You can start such a planting in spring or summer, if everything was done correctly, then after 6 months you can harvest the first crop.
Intensive
As for the second method, it is more effective, since the fungi will bear fruit regardless of climate and weather conditions. The downside is some complexity and financial investment in this matter. It is necessary to equip the mycelium so that there is always optimal humidity, temperature and lighting.
Mycelium must be sown on previously prepared healthy and moist wood. You can cut it 4 days before planting mushrooms. Then the holes are cut out, and the mycelium is evenly sprinkled in them. You can sow mycelium and pick mushrooms all year round, even in winter. The tree will bear fruit until the mycelium completely destroys it.
Although Dubovik is difficult to find in the forest, each mushroom picker must put it in its basket and take it home. Everyone should try it, because it is not only tasty and fragrant, but also benefits the body, because it contains many vitamins and minerals. It will improve memory, enhance immunity and simply add vitality and strength.
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